The vertical layers of a GW-scale PowerElectrical represents rate at which Energy is transferred th... SystemA set of Components that are formally related together by a ... including the Bulk Power SystemThe large-scale Generation Plant and other Energy Resources ..., Transmission NetworksThe High Voltage (HV) network that transports Power over lon... and Distribution NetworksA network that transports Electricity from the Bulk Supply P.... In a conceptual sense, as Consumer Energy Resources (CER/DER)A diverse range of small to medium scale energy resources th... volumes increase, these may also be considered an additional virtual Tier/Layer.
In contexts where millions of diverse Energy ResourcesA universal term for all technologies that provide one or se... become ubiquitous across all layers of the Power SystemsA critical societal System that, in the case of GW-scale gri..., the decomposition of such a System experiencing escalating ComplexityA System is complex if it has many interrelated, interconnec... across its natural layers becomes foundational to the design of future-ready Operational CoordinationThe systematic operational alignment of Utility assets and n... mechanisms.
Employing the mathematical method known as Layered DecompositionA formally established mathematical technique employed in ma..., such highly complex optimisation problems are decomposed from a master problem into a sub-problem and then sub-sub-problems in a recursive manner. In the case of Power Systems , each level of decomposition for the consideration of advanced Operational Coordination is a Tier/Layer.