Following are seven important structural issues that System ArchitectureA formal element of Systems Engineering, which enables objec... disciplines can help identify and avoid, which will otherwise negatively impact the System SecurityThe ability to continue operating the Power System within de..., ReliabilityThe degree to which electric service that meets applicable u... and Economic Efficiency of decarbonising Power SystemsA critical societal System that, in the case of GW-scale gri...:
- Tier/Layer Bypassing: The creation of information flows or coordination signals that ‘leapfrog’ a vertical Tiers/LayersThe vertical layers of a GW-scale Power System including the... of the Power System’s operational hierarchy.
- Coordination Gapping: An element of the Power System does not receive an explicit flow of coordination signals from any higher Tier/Layer of the system and therefore operates in isolation.
- Hidden Coupling: Two or more EntitiesA specific institution, company or natural person that can b... with partial views of the system state issue simultaneous but conflicting coordination signals to Distributed Energy Resources (DER)A diverse range of small to medium scale Energy Resources th... and/or other ComponentsA generic term for the uniquely identifiable elements, build... of the PowerElectrical represents rate at which Energy is transferred th... SystemA set of Components that are formally related together by a ....
- Latency Cascading: Creation of compounding latencies in information flows due to the serial routing of data through various computational systems, processes and organisations.
- Computational Time Walls: Where excessive data volumes, latencies and processing ‘bottlenecks’ occur, optimisation engines will hit a computational ‘time wall’ at some point where no amount of computing resource will be adequate to solve the optimisation problems in a reasonable time.
- Cybersecurity Structural Vulnerabilities: Structural choices result in communication and routings that create non-cyber vulnerabilities to system penetration.
- Back-end Integration Constraints: Multiple vertical silo structures found in many supply-chain organisations drive significant back-end integration costs, anti-resilience and are anti-extensible due to the coupling of applications in which where failure in one can ripple through to degrade others.